Introduction and Motivation. As biomechanical properties of tissues are tightly linked to pathologies, the description of mechanical tissue properties is instrumental to advance our understanding of disease development and progression. Pathology often manifests through the alteration of tissue mechanical properties long before clinical imaging modalities are able to see any structural or functional changes. Formed by cells embedded in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), biological tissue exhibits intricate microstructural characteristics, factors that then govern its micro-mechanical and macro-mechanical properties. The analysis of how load (stress and strain) transmits across said scales and therefore stimulates cell function, is challenging and requires trustworthy biomechanical models. A plethora of mechanical testing has been reported, and, as no testing standards for biological tissue exist – individual laboratories implement individual protocols. A similar observation characterizes the design of biomechanical computational models. Besides hindering the cross-comparison, low-quality experimental data as well as poor biomechanical models challenge the exploration of biological phenomena. In conclusion, the biomechanical community requires an educational program to develop a solid foundation in the analysis of biological tissues. It is the proper integration of experimental tissue characterization and computational biomechanical analysis that guarantees progress in the field.
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